Mapeamento geológico-geotécnico para fins de análise de risco e planejamento urbano no município de Caçapava do Sul-RS

Abstract

The constant occupation of land and urban centers in an irregular way is happening in an accelerated way and without obeying any urban planning criteria. With this, it is necessary, specific studies such as geological-geotechnical mappings in order to characterize the physical environment, its relations with the types of occupation and analysis of the socioeconomic conditions of the place, in order to control the accelerated growth of urbanized areas, giving the necessary support for the adequacy of the places to be occupied and thus minimizing the risks of the emergence of geological accidents. In this context, the objectives of this work are to discuss the importance of geological and geotechnical knowledge in territorial planning processes, thus being able to assess the environmental impacts generated by irregular housing occupations. For this, it was necessary to characterize the zones of environmental and geotechnical risks through the analysis of the erodibility of the local soil and to carry out an aerial mapping, emphasizing the importance and applicability of photogrammetry in the monitoring of urban expansion in areas of geological risk, thus generating, a 3D virtual model of the study area. The prevention of urban geological accidents is only possible from the identification and analysis of risk areas, which are carried out and illustrated in previous works of analysis of the physical environment, called geotechnical mappings. Thus, the selected study area is located in the Vila Sul and Promorar neighborhoods, within the municipality of Caçapava do Sul, characterized as one of the largest concentrations of irregular housing in the municipality, where it is possible to observe and map the geological risk zones linked to the mass movements, soil collapses and erosion, floods, water pollution, among others. After carrying out and analyzing the main objectives, this work also aimed to show and assist public bodies on the importance of planning and management of land use within urban centers and the measures to be taken to mitigate risk situations. already established. With this, it was possible to characterize 2 of the 3 samples analyzed as strongly susceptible to erosion, and one strongly erodible. In addition, with the results of the aerial mapping, areas such as R1, R2 and R3 were defined, characterizing the area as an area of environmental fragility.