Sensoriamento remoto: princípios físicos básicos e aplicação no município de Maçambará - RS

Abstract

Remote Sensing is of great value for obtaining information from the Earth's surface without direct contact with it, being the area of science that uses energy from electromagnetic radiation (light which when captured by remote sensors are transformed into data and later interpreted to generate useful information of the terrestrial targets. Electromagnetic energy is the basis on which all physical principles of this science are related. There are some important questions that must be observed when studying the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the object: (a) how can we analyze and verify this interaction? (b) how can we differentiate one object from another? In order to better understand the properties of Remote Sensing, this work presents the theoretical foundations and the main Physical Laws, such as the Black Body theoretical model, Planck's Law, Stefan-Boltzmann's Law, Wien's displacement law, Rayleigh-Jeans' Law, the main mathematical equations involved, and their applications. The study in question consists of dividing its methodology into two phases, the first being an in-depth literature review of the subject and the second in the applications of the entire concept learned during the first phase. The application will be carried out in the form of treatment, analysis, and mapping using remote sensing techniques in the use of RGB composition and NDVI, VARI, and finally NDWI vegetation indexes. The spectral bands obtained by satellite sensors, worked and processed, bring countless benefits to the population, making it possible to visualize and treat areas without the need to go to the site, where from a color composition or an application of indexes already available on the market results in the identification and monitoring of forest areas where, by processing satellite data, it is possible to identify and monitor forest areas, agricultural fields, water courses, reservoirs, land use, urban expansions, coastal management, besides being a useful tool to support topographic and cartographic work.