Avaliação temporal da produção de arroz e soja nos municípios de Uruguaiana, Barra do Quaraí, São Borja e Itaqui no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

The growth of agricultural production is dependent on the expansion of the cultivated area or the increase in the yield per unit of area. Both parameters are important agricultural indicators and their reduction, or even stability, arouses the attention and interest of all sectors involved in the production process. It is interesting to think about the increase in yield with the same area or even less, in order to preserve the environment, as well as to increase the profitability of the culture. For this, it is essential to study the temporal dynamics of area and yield in certain agricultural regions. In this way, the objective of the work was to collect data about rice and soybean crops for the municipalities of Barra do Quaraí, Itaqui, São Borja and Uruguaiana during the period from 2010 to 2020. Data on area and yield in the municipalities were collected from Foundation for Statistical Economics of Rio Grande do Sul and EMATER/RS. The planted area (thousand ha), average yield (kilograms per hectare) and value of agricultural production (thousand R$) were analyzed using descriptive statistics and graphic representation. The analysis of the data produced showed that rice is the most important crop for the region, but its planted area is in decline in the municipalities studied from 2016 with an average reduction of 8.86% until 2020, being more pronounced after 2018 with an average of 14.19 %. Uruguaiana (79.38 thousand ha) and Itaqui (74.88 thousand ha) are the largest rice producers among the analyzed municipalities, and the average rice yield remains with low oscillation with the average of the municipalities of (7978 kg ha), higher than the state (7598 kg ha) and national (5565 kg ha). Soybean faces expansion in the analyzed municipalities with an increase in average sowed area, 55% from 2010 to 2020, and is an important economic source for the region. The largest soybean producer among those analyzed is São Borja (53.1 thousand ha), followed by Itaqui (22.7 thousand ha), with an average yield (2324 kg ha), below the state (2801 kg h) and national (3127 kg ha) yields. and with strong variations during the analyzed period due to its insertion in unsuitable areas, such as those cultivated with irrigated rice. Itaqui is the municipality with the highest representation for the two cultures together in cultivated area among the analyzed municipalities. The results make possible the continuation of this study and can support the elaboration of public policies that recognize the municipal particularities in terms of advancement, stagnation or setback in the production of this culture.