Revisão sistemática sobre melhoramento genético em soja para cultivo em terras baixas: traço longo juvenil como chave de discussão

Abstract

Soy is an economically important cultivar for Brazil and its cultivation has grown in different regions of the country. The growth in grain production and the good results are mostly attributed to genetic improvement and phytotechnical practices, together with the opening of new areas. Thus, this research aims to analyze existing data in the literature on the genetic improvement of soybean for lowland cultivation. For this, a systematic literature review was carried out based on scientific articles in the Capes Periodicals and Web of Science databases, focusing on publications from the last 10 years. The results obtained from this bibliographical research demonstrate that flowering control is one of the most important factors for the development of cultivars more adapted to the variations of sowing time and with greater adaptation to low latitudes. The incorporation of the recessive j allele was the main genetic alteration that allowed the increase of soybean yield by 30% -50% under low latitude conditions. At least eight natural loss-of-function j alleles have been used to develop late maturing cultivars for growth at low latitudes worldwide, making this genetic alteration a key genetic resource for improving soybean adaptation and yield performance in low-lying regions. latitude. We conclude by answering our research question: genetic improvement was and is fundamental for the adaptation of soybean grown in lowlands, the development of earlier cultivars through genetic changes in genes that are involved in the control of maturity, flowering time and yield, were determinants for the insertion and success of lowland culture.