Políticas públicas para as pessoas com deficiência: assistencialismo e inclusão no mercado de trabalho nos municípios de São Borja-RS e Uruguaiana-RS

Abstract

The conception of what is meant by disability has undergone major transformations in recent decades. The mystic-charitable model, which saw deficiency as a divine punishment, was abandoned; a medical model was developed that understood disability as an injury and could therefore be healed or treated to make the person normal; Finally, the social model of disability was developed, which understands that disability is a manifestation of human diversity. According to the social model, disability is the result of the interaction between bodily injury with barriers of social origin that may obstruct the full and effective participation of the person in society. Thus, disability is a social problem and society must provide adaptations and adaptations to enable and promote the inclusion of disabled people (DP). The evolution of the concept of disability has also advanced the rights of people with disabilities. The 1988 Federal Constitution (FC 1988) enshrines the social model and brings to the State the obligation to guarantee equality and justice. However, contrary to what was claimed by the political movement of the DP, the 1988 CF also provides for welfare assistance. PCD whose family group meets the criterion of miserability (currently per capita income below 25% of the minimum wage.) Since the 1988 CF several other normative instruments have been created to promote the social participation of PCD, including its participation. Law nº 8.213 was published in 1991 and creates an obligation for companies with more than 100 employees to hire PD with disabilities. Official statistics indicate increasing participation of PWD in the labor market. Uruguaiana and São Borja, where the percentage of occupancy of places destined for the PCD is low, the number of PCDs enjoying the welfare benefit is quite high. In the meantime, it is necessary to verify that, under the terms that it has been practiced in the municipalities of Uruguaiana and São Borja, the assistance policy impairs the execution and efficiency of the labor inclusion policy. To this end, a documentary and sample exploratory research was carried out, using quantitative analysis using basic mathematical elements and qualitative research through Bardin's (1977) content analysis. The target audience were the 16 employers of the municipalities mentioned legally obliged to hire DP, and 11 (68.75%) effectively participated in the survey. For 90.9% of participants there are difficulties to hire PCD. Also for 90.9% of participants, the assistance policy, as it is practiced, undermines the policy of inclusion in the labor market.