Análise da mensuração do PIB pelas óticas do produto, despesa e renda

Abstract

In the face of so much information released by the media about the changes in the Brazilian Domestic Product (GDP), interest in the more detailed analysis of everything that is produced in the country arises. Thinking about the effects of household consumption, government spending, investments, and the different sectors of the economy for Brazil's GDP from 2010 to 2020, the general objective is to analyze the variations on household consumption, spending of the government, investments and sectors of the economy, of the GDP of Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. This theme is justified by the possibility of better understanding some indicators of the Brazilian economy in the selected period, mainly in the performance as a future economist. The methodology is based on the deductive method, using bibliographic research and as a method of data analysis, the descriptive statistical method was applied, using the quantitative approach. The database used was that of the System of National Accounts (SCN) and the System of Quarterly National Accounts (SCNT) of IBGE. The data treatment technique used was descriptive statistics. Regarding the results obtained, it is possible to highlight that the GDP, measured by the three perspectives, in general, presented greater falls in the years of 2014 and 2015, due to the recession, followed by the political crisis and impeachment, and, in the year of 2020, due to pandemic of COVID-19. During the years of recession, the GDP component with the most notable decrease was related to investments reaching the annual rate of -13.9%, in 2015. The sharpest drop in the rate of household consumption and government consumption occurred in 2020, when household consumption reached a rate of -5.5%, while government consumption decreased to -4.7%. From the perspective of the product, it was observed that in 2015, industry was the sector that suffered the biggest drop in the annual rate, followed by services. However, the biggest drop in the service sector over the last 11 years occurred in 2020, reaching a rate of -4.5%. The only sector that showed positive growth rates in 2015 and 2020, was agriculture. From the income perspective, the highlight is the drop in the remuneration of employees over the years studied.