O papel do Estado na economia: uma análise comparativa entre a escola Keynesiana e a escola institucionalista

Abstract

This monograph aims to analyze the role of the State in the economy, especially with regard to development, making a comparative analysis between the Keynesian school and the Institutionalist school. In this sense, the monograph aims to present, in general, the Keynesian and Institutionalist schools of thought, describing how each school proposes the role of the State in the economy and seeking to understand how the State can influence the economic and social development process of its nation. Given the importance of the State as a key institution in the development of the capitalist economy and in correcting the fluctuations inherent to the capitalist system, the objective of this paper is to identify the influence of the institutional apparatus on social development and social welfare. The research method adopted for the development of this monograph was descriptive and comparative based on bibliographic research technique. A historical analysis of the performance of the State in the economy, since its inception, was carried out, describing the understanding of the role of State in the economic sphere of the Keynesian and Institutionalist schools of economic thought. The observed views were compared, seeking to identify similarities and distinctions between the schools of thought analyzed. From the comparative analysis, it is clear that for both schools, the State has an important role in the economy, being necessary to overcome economic crises and promote economic development and social well-being, in addition to ensuring the system of capitalist accumulation. The difference between the two schools would be the way in which each one proposes State intervention in the economy. According to the Keynesian school, state intervention would be done through macroeconomic policies, while for the institutionalist school, state action would take place through institutional arrangements.