Fenologia e produtividade de fisális cultivado em ambiente subtropical

Abstract

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a fruit tree that presents high aggregate value, exotic organoleptic properties and expressive levels of components beneficial to the human organism. However, the lack of knowledge of the phenological phases linked to the productive traits limits the expansion of the crop under subtropical conditions. The aim of this research was to study the phenological stages related to the growth and production of cape gooseberry cultivated in a subtropical environment. A randomized block design was used, with four blocks, consisting of 15 plants each block. The phenological stages were determined by the carried evaluations, from the plant’s emerging date until its senescence. The evaluated variables were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, flower buds, flowers and fruits per plant, in addition, the productivity parameters at the harvest time, which consisted of obtaining the fruit vertical and horizontal diameter, fresh mass of the fruit combined with calyx, calyx fresh mass and production and productivity estimation. The results were submitted to variance analysis and, after regression, adjusted to the gathered data equation. From the phenological evaluations carried out, the physalis cycle comprises a period of 254 days with a total of 3,843.6 degree-days, being the thermal accumulation superior in the vegetative period in relation to the reproductive. The fruits reached the harvest point with 3,045.3 degree-days, corresponding to 180 days, and the productive period lasted for 60 days. In the edaphoclimatic conditions at the time, there was a 151,2 g plant-¹ production with an estimation of 1,007.8 kg ha-¹.