Incidência de doenças, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz irrigado, adubado com silício

Abstract

Irrigated rice is an annual cycle cereal belonging to summer crops of great economic and social importance worldwide. In the 2017/2018 harvest, Rio Grande do Sul obtained a sown area of 1,077.6 thousand hectares, productivity of 7,851 kg ha-¹ and production of 8,460.2 million tons. Seed is one of the main inputs to obtain high yields, thus, sanity and vigor is of extreme importance in obtaining high quality seeds. Aiming for sustainable agriculture, the use of Silicon (Si) has been shown to be a beneficial element for crops due to the reduction in the occurrence of pests and diseases, which can increase the productivity of agricultural crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the incidence of diseases, productivity and physiological quality of seeds of irrigated rice, fertilized with doses and sources of silicon. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) in a trifactory scheme (2 x 2 x 5) being two cultivars, two sources of silicon and five doses. The rice cultivars used were Guri INTA CL, susceptible to Brusone Foliar and Panicle (Pyricularia grisea) and IRON 424 RI resistant to Brusone. The sources of Silicon (Si) used were Aluminum Silicate (CAULIM®) and Carbonized Rice Peel (CAC). The treatments consisted in the incorporation of Caulim and CAC in the soil in pots of 5 liters, with the following doses: 0; 3.8; 7.8; 11.25 and 15 g vase-¹, that is, 0, 1500, 3000, 4500 and 6000 kg ha-¹. In the R₉ stage, leaf blast severity, panicle blast incidence and spot incidence of glumes were evaluated, and the components of productivity and physiological quality of the seeds were evaluated. The use of kaolin and carbonized rice hulls proved to be efficient for the reduction of the blotch and spot of the glumella in cultivated rice cultivars. Therefore, it is a sustainable alternative for use in the rice fields of the western border.