Potencial para estabelecimento e produção da cultivar de Capim-Sudão BRS Estribo (Sorghum Sudanense L.) na Região Sul do Brasil com base no balanço hídrico climatológico e técnicas de estatística espacial

Abstract

The knowledge of water availability for the production of any agricultural product is one of the necessary components for the success of its development. The amount of water available in the soil can be quantified through the Climatological Water Balance (BHC), determining the strengths and weaknesses for the use of an agricultural region. In this work, the analyzed crop was a forage plant from a tropical climate, the Sudan grass BRS Estribo, which has an annual production, erect habit, tall, and is non-toxic to animals. The study region was the States of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul that make up the Southern Region of Brazil. Through the BHC, it was possible to determine the areas with water excesses and deficiencies throughout the southern region of Brazil, through Geostatistics and Geoprocessing techniques, with the support of a Geographic Information System (GIS). In this analysis, precipitation and evapotranspiration data from 566 pluviometric and meteorological stations were used, from the Climatological Atlas of the Southern Region of Brazil, in a historical period of 30 years. In this context, the objective of this work was to spatialize the BHC, in the southern region of Brazil, in order to estimate the possible areas with water deficiencies and excesses in the production of sudão grass, in two sowing periods, the first, between October and March and the second, from December to March, with storage capacities (CAD) of 50 and 75mm. The first sowing showed large areas without excess water, in December and January, like the Campanha Gaúcha. The month of October had the highest averages of water surplus, with values between 57 and 341mm. From November onwards, seasons begin without presenting excess water. In the second sowing, the month of December had an average of 95mm of water surplus and the municipality of Paranaguá had the highest average with 310mm. It was concluded that in the two sowing periods, Sudan grass production practically did not present regions with water deficit.