Atividades experimentais e materiais alternativos : contribuições para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Química

Abstract

This research deals with the use of experimental activities carried out with alternative materials in Chemistry classes in a public school in the city of Dom Pedrito. Its main focus is to investigate whether the use of these activities can or cannot enhance the teaching and learning process in Chemistry. The objectives of this work are also: to identify points in which students and teachers have their greatest difficulties; evaluate the results of the questionnaires and research activities that can be applied in chemistry classes, which are coherent with the general objective of this work; interpret the data obtained in the interview carried out after the application of the activities, verifying the reach, receptivity and validity of the action performed, leaving a pedagogical product in the form of a booklet as a legacy of this project; investigate the possible contributions of the experimental activities developed in this research in the context of learning the contents of Chemistry (Periodic Table and Chemical Reactions). In addition to the objectives, the research on screen also aims to answer the following question: How to favor the teaching and learning process of Chemistry, through the use of experimental activities with alternative and low-cost materials in public schools in the city of Dom Pedrito? The target audiences were students in the 9th grade of elementary school at a public school in the municipality. Thus, to support the first stage, an investigation was carried out with the professors who teach Chemistry classes. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied that asked them about various topics, especially about the contents with greater difficulties and gaps in their teaching and learning. Based on the results of this investigation, two didactic sequences (SD) were created, based on experimental activities and alternative materials, which were applied to the students participating in the research. In the second stage of the research, the results obtained through the application of initial and final diagnostic questionnaires to students were analyzed, from which it was deduced that in some contents worked there was an improvement in their learning, while in others, this evolution could not be noticed. Finally, it is worth emphasizing that all the objectives proposed in this project were achieved, as well as an answer to the guiding question.