Desindustrialização no Brasil: uma análise dos anos 2000 por região

Abstract

Deindustrialization can be defined as the sustained loss of the industry's share of GDP or total employment or both. It was from the 1970s onwards that discussions on the subject began. In Brazil and Latin America, the debate took shape a little later, in the 1990s. In Brazil, because of its large territorial dimension, believing in the heterogeneity with which the industry is distributed throughout the national territory, this study with the objective of analyzing how deindustrialization behaves when seen from the perspective of the five Brazilian regions, with a focus on the years 2000 to 2018. In this way, data on employment, production, foreign trade and value added by technological intensity were analyzed. point to an industrial deconcentration around the Southeast region, which was the region that showed the most evidence of deindustrialization, especially in relation to industrial employment, together with the North region. The southern region is the second most industrialized, especially the state of Rio Grande do Sul, but which also showed a deconcentration in favor of the state of Santa Catarina. The Midwest region also gained industrial jobs and showed a positive trend in some indicators, such as productive density, being the one that grew the most in this variable. The Northeast region seemed to be the most neutral in relation to the indicators, without much expressive variation that characterizes a clear trend. It was also found that there is a key state in each region, the most industrialized.