Uso de drone aplicado em um estudo de alta resolução na caracterização de uma área de risco - Nova Friburgo, RJ

Abstract

Brazil is among the countries which present the highest incidence of natural disasters caused by mass wasting in the world. These disasters, in the geological environment, occur due to the physical and socio-economic vulnerability besides the little understanding of susceptible regions and their consecutive risk-enhancing attributes. Therefore, the development of integrated geoprocessing methods and technologies enables the representation and analysis of an area through digital GIS models. These methods and techniques have currently been optimizing the study of topography and mass wasting, and they are increasingly essential instruments for urban and environmental planning to diagnose prevention and mitigation. Considering the issues above mentioned, Nova Friburgo city, a hilly region, located in Rio de Janeiro state, is known by its history of scars as well as experiencing favorable landslides and unconsolidated materials. Thus, the association between heavy rainfall, high topographic gradient, and valleys are frequently responsible for territorial and economic damage besides the lives that are being lost. Consequently, the current study had as the main point the application of the drone technology to obtain a higher resolution data combined with geoprocessing for the characterization of the scars caused by landslides at Barão, Nova Friburgo-RJ. From the integration of all the information collected and the workflow constituted by data processing and interpretation, high-resolution satellite imagery and terrain variation (Digital Elevation Model) were generated. As a result, they were able to offer a significant optimization in the identification and analysis of the conditions associated with mass wasting. Briefly, the results obtained were used to characterize the possible risk factors and also serve as a subside for monitoring and preventing new episodes of landslides and assist in similar studies of geotechnical and urban occupation.