Aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP): proposta de aplicação prática para o ensino de português na educação a distância

Abstract

Distance education points, among many other reasons, to the need to choose appropriate methodologies that correspond to the innovative scenario, for the student's autonomy in view of the range of possibilities and the purpose of knowledge acquisition. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP), called in English – Problem-Based Learning (PBL) inserts the student into circumstances that require him the use and application of concepts learned, requiring him a solution to the proposed problem, or that he develops acceptable hypotheses. Unlike traditional education, where the student is usually passive, the problem-based learning is a pedagogical/didactic student-centered strategy, where he become a protagonist in the knowledge construction, because the method proposes problem situations in a practical way, stimulating engagement, curiosity and the cognition development. The purpose of this work is to analyze the literature regarding the method, from the perspective of John Dewey and Irandé Antunes, and present a proposal of application of PBL for teaching of Portuguese in distance education (EaD), using qualitative bibliographic research. For this, we developed a problem-situation from the Transversal Themes topic as a suggestion to implement the method in the Portuguese Language course, from the third year of Education for Youngsters and Adults (EJA). The method will be presented and conducted from a structured process which will be developed over the course of 15 classes, divided into three weekly meetings. Supported in this problem-situation and in the self-learning development, students are expected to be able to provide adequate hypotheses and solutions to the problem. For this, they must use their previous knowledge, self-directed research and seek new knowledge towards the solution. The teacher will act with the new teacher-tutor role, and it will be desirable for him to work as a facilitator of learning and responsible for method directing, so that the goals are achieved. Finally, it is expected to illustrate the relevance of the method and its application possibilities in the current pandemic scenario, through the proposition of applying the ABP in Portuguese Language classes and helping to attend the demands and challenges of Distance Learning Portuguese. Keywords: Distance Education. Portuguese. Problem-Based Learning. Teaching.