Filmes biodegradáveis baseados em polissacarídeos e proteínas, extraídos de resíduos industriais para aplicação em embalagens de alimentos: revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Currently, the biggest problem related to agribusiness is the large amount of waste generated during the processing of raw materials. In most cases, these residues are not treated and/or reused, and are generally disposed of inappropriately, with rich potential for soil and water contamination. Thus, several alternatives have been studied, aiming at new applications for the by-products present in this waste. Biodegradable polymers are gaining prominence due to the accumulation of waste generated by the synthetics polymers packaging, reducing the impact generated by food industry waste. Polysaccharides and proteins can be found abundantly in agro-industrial residues and are non-toxic, biodegradable, renewable and naturals. Therefore, the present study aims to elaborate a systematic review literature of biodegradable films based on polysaccharides and proteins extracted from industrial waste. The research was carried out based on articles published in journals available in three different databases, the Portal de Periódicos da Capes, Scielo and Web of Science during 01/01/2016 to 31/12//2020. Twenty one articles were selected, which the authors performed the extraction directly of industrial waste for the elaboration of biopolymeric films based on starch, cellulose, gelatin, pectin, chitosan and whey, than analyzed thickness (e), tensile strength (RT), elongation (A), water vapor permeability (PVA), solubility (%), color (ΔE), and antimicrobial activity of these biomolecules. From the results, it was analyzed that, although using the same biomolecules, the results are influenced by the different processes employed, the extraction (since they are extracted from different raw materials), the formulation as well as in the choice and concentration of plasticizers, becoming difficult to directly compare biomolecules in the production of biodegradable films. However, the use of biomolecules extracted from industry waste is still promising, since they add value to the waste generated, they are economically viable and reduce the impact caused on the environment.