Refugiados ambientais e relações internacionais: análise conceitual do refúgio ambiental aplicada aos imigrantes haitianos no Brasil entre 2010 e 2018

Abstract

The following paper will deal with the theme of the environmental refuge, which characterizes, although not regularly, immigration flows that were initially caused by an environmental disaster. A case study will be carried out regarding Haitian immigration to Brazil, between 2010 and 2018, founded on the question whether these immigrants could be considered environmental refugees, based on the hypothesis that the 2010 earthquake and hurricane Matthew in 2016, would have been the reasons that triggered the Haitian immigration flow to Brazil. The general objective of the monograph is to identify the Haitian motivation for immigration to Brazil. Specifically, it is to propose a method of analysis as to the guidelines for an immigrant to be considered an environmental refugee, to analyze the Haitian migratory process to Brazil between 2010 and 2018 and to infer which of the status belonging to foreigners the Haitians are characterized in Brazil. For this purpose, the hypothetical-deductive method will be used, with explanatory and descriptive research, using primary and secondary sources as bibliography, for the formulation of a case study. The work will be divided into three chapters, of which the first will be the theoretical analysis of the theme, the second will contemplate the history of Haiti and, finally, in the third, the analysis of the case study will be carried out. The results achieved partially corroborate the hypothesis. Between 2010 and 2013 there is a direct correspondence between the proposed guidelines for the identification of environmental refugees and Haitian immigration to Brazil. However, there is a complexity as of 2014, manifesting other primary elements for the arrival of these immigrants that would not make them environmental refugees.