Avaliação toxicológica de nanocápsulas poliméricas com diferentes revestimentos em ratos wistar machos e fêmeas

Abstract

Nanotechnology has been used as an alternative to improve drug efficacy. The characteristics of nanocapsule coatings are capable of improving the biological performance of the drugs. In our study, we developed polymeric nanocapsules (poly-ε- caprolactone) of lipid core (LNC) with cationic and anionic coatings: polysorbate 80 (P80), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Eudragit (EUD) and chitosan (CS). It is important that nanocapsules be studied for their toxicity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of LNCs with different coatings considering physiological, behavioral, histological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in male and female Wistar rats. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pampa (Protocol no 015/2017). Four types of formulations were administered for each genus, in addition to saline groups (n = 6 / group). Animals received 5mL / kg / day of each formulation (oral). During the treatment, weight, water and feed consumption and behavioral evaluations were performed daily. On the 15th day the animals were euthanized, the organs were removed for histological analysis and oxidative stress, and blood was collected to evaluate the biochemical parameters of AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. LNC-P80 decreased TBARS in the stomach of male rats, in addition to the consumption of water and ROS in the intestine and stomach of female rats. LNC-PEG decreased the consumption of water, locomotor activity and ROS in the stomach of male rats, in addition to consumption of food, memory and TBARS in the stomach of female rats. LNC-EUD increased the ability of locomotion and exploration, TBARS in liver of male rats, in addition to sensitivity, lung weight and ROS in the heart of female rats. LNC- CS increased sensitivity, FRAP in liver and kidney, ROS in intestine and TBARS in spleens of male rats, in addition to decreased memory and ROS in the stomach of female rats. In summary, LNC-P80 decreased all biochemical parameters of males and females compared to saline groups. LNC-EUD increased the values of AST, ALT, urea and total male cholesterol and decreased the values of AST and HDL cholesterol in females. LNC-PEG increased urea and HDL cholesterol from males and all biochemical parameters of females. LNC-CS increased AST, urea and male cholesterol, and AST, creatinine, HDL and female cholesterol. Significant results were also observed between groups. These results corroborate the idea that LNCs with these coatings, even if biodegradable, may exert beneficial and / or detrimental biological effects depending on the genus.