Avaliação genotóxica e mutagênica de anti-hipertensivos distribuídos pela farmácia popular em células do sistema imunológico humano

Abstract

Hypertension is an clinical condition of the multifactorial occurrence, the most frequent among chronic diseases not transferable in Brazil. It is characterized by increase and maintenance blood pressure levels above 140mmHg (sistolic pressure) and 90mmHg (diastolic pressure). It i also the most aggravating in the cardiovascular complications and it is associated with the appearance of others comorbidities. The WHO estimes that 40% of the world population over 25 years old is hypertensive, being located mostly in countries where income and educations levels are lower. After the diagnosed, hypertension must be treated with changes in the life style and drugs that maintain pressure levels controled, therefore, several classes of antihypertensive are used in this treatment. Aiming to expand access to basic drugs and allow a better adhesion to treatment, the federal government created in 2004 the “Farmácia Popular do Brasil” Program, an association among government and public and private institutions to provide the people medications for control of the hypertension, diabetes, asthma, dyslipidemia, contraceptives, etc, free or subsidized form by up to 90% of the value. To treat hypertension, the “Farmácia Popular do Brasil” Program distributes of free form antihypertensive – atenolol, captopril, propranolol hydrochloride, hydrochlorotiazhide, losartan and enalapril maleate, all these being released before the year 2004, when genetic safety tests still not required, according to Resolution nº 90/2004 of ANVISA. Thus, the objective this work was to evaluate the genotoxic potencial of the antihypertensives distributed by “Farmácia Popular” in human leukocytes cells, considering that they are widely used drugs and it is necessary larger studies that ensure the genotoxicology their safety. The tests are desenvolved from cell cultures treated with five different concentrations of the antihypertensives, being evaluated genotoxicological parameters – cell viability and DNA damage index, and mutagenic parameters – micronucleus test and numerical chromossomal aberrations. The results showed that captopril and enalapril maleate were able to reduce cell viability and cause damage to DNA wiht increasing dose. The hydrochlorothiazide also showed to cause DNA damage, but, this damage occorred equallity for five doses. As for mutagenic parameters , none of the six antihypertensives tested and, none of the five concentrations were capable to cause mutagenic changes.