Efeitos genotóxicos e citotóxicos ex vivo do antifúngico fluconazol em leucócitos humanos

Abstract

Fluconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal drug widely used by the population. However, there are few reports in the literature that imput the safety of the use of fluconazole and either the minimum dose capable of inducing lesions in the genetic material of the patient. Although the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) requires genotoxicity tests for admission of new medicines, which have their registration issued before 2006 do not bring this obligation, including here fluconazole. Therefore, it is extremely important genotoxicológica studies on the evaluation of drugs, especially such that are known and used as fluconazole. This study investigated the genotoxic effects of the capsule and the active principle of fluconazole by the comet test and the cell proliferation test and also the cytotoxic effects of the capsule and the active principle of fluconazole by cell viability test. The tested concentrations of the capsule and the active principle of fluconazole were 6, 12, 30, 60, and 120 mg/mL. All assays were performed in triplicate and peroxide was used as a positive control and PBS buffer as negative control 7.4. All tested concentrations of fluconazole capsule (6, 12, 30, 60 and 120 μg/mL) were capable of induce a negative interference in the cellular proliferation process, reducing the number of proliferating cells at all concentrations tested when compared to the negative control. In the case of the active ingredient, the fluconazole, only the last three concentrations (30, 60, and 120 μg/mL) were able to decrease the cellular proliferation process. In the assessment of DNA damage index (comet assay), there was observed damage of fluconazole capsule on the DNA structure at concentrations 60 and 120 μg/mL. On the other hand, the concentrations tested with the active ingredient of Fluconazole was not observed damage to the DNA structure. Fluconazole has been found that the capsule has a cytotoxic activity on human leukocytes at the two highest concentrations tested (60 and 120 μg/mL) as a concentration-dependent manner. However, the active ingredient of Fluconazole not induced any cytotoxic effect at the concentrations tested (6, 12, 30, 60, and 120 μg/mL).