Efeito da suplementação com diferentes óleos vegetais sobre parâmetros metabólicos, inflamatórios e de estresse oxidativo de ratos alimentados com uma dieta rica em gordura

Abstract

Obesity is associated with a state of chronic inflammation and is an underlying condition for inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Dietary fat plays a major role in obesity and, when in excess, is linked with the development of several chronic health problems. In the other hand, consumption of vegetable oils has become common for weight loss purposes, and is a recent strategy to help control disease risk factors in overweight and obese individuals. In this context, the present study evaluated the effects of supplementation with vegetable oils of different fatty acid compositions on metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in rats fed a high-fat diet. For this, rats were divided into two groups: fed normal diet and fed high-fat diet for 12 weeks. After this period, the animals were divided into experimental groups as follows: High-fat diet (HFD); High-fat diet + virgin coconut oil (HFD + VCO). For the second study, the animals were divided into the experimental groups: Normal diet + safflower oil (NMD + SO); High-fat diet + safflower oil (HFD + SO); Normal diet + chia oil (NMD + CO); High-fat diet + chia oil (HFD + CO). The HFD group was supplemented with saline and the other groups were supplemented with vegetable oils (2 mL/kg/day) by gavage for 30 days. After the supplementation period, the animals were euthanized and the blood, aorta, liver, and adipose tissue were removed for biochemical, molecular and histological analysis. The results of the first study show that the coconut oil supplemented group (HFD + VCO) induced weight gain, increased LDL-cholesterol levels and liver fat deposition. In addition, adipocyte hypertrophy observed in the HFD + VCO group was associated with elevated TNF-α expression in adipose tissue. In the second study, chia oil supplementation (HFD + CO) increased dietary intake, weight gain, total cholesterol, and LDL, and TNF-α gene expression in adipose tissue compared to the safflower oil supplemented group (HFD + SO). On the other hand, supplementation with safflower oil (HFD + SO) caused liver fat accumulation. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated that the high-fat diet induced significant changes in animal metabolism and supplementation with vegetable oils of different fatty acid compositions resulted in distinct metabolic effects.