Percepções de estudantes sobre fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, realidade situacional e Projeto Político Pedagógico Escolar: possíveis relações

Abstract

The increase in noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD) and the preponderance of risk factors for their development currently represents a public health problem, but there is little discussion about the knowledge of the school community on this topic. Through the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN) and the Common National Base (BNCC), the approach to the health issue at school level is reiterated, making the school responsible for the health education process. Based on these aspects, the study aimed to analyze a possible relationship between the perception of health and risk factors for NCD of elementary school students from different socioeconomic contexts, the school's Political Pedagogical Project (PPP) and the situational reality of the school. Same, it consists of a qualitative and quantitative descriptive research conducted with 9th grade students from municipal public schools, one rural, and two urban (one located in the central region of the city, and one on the outskirts of it. In order to assess students' knowledge of health and risk factors for NCD, they answered a questionnaire as well as were assessed for anthropometric profile. Afterwards, a situational diagnosis of the school reality was made, in order to identify infrastructure and human resources issues, and the schools' PPP was analyzed to verify what the document foresees about health issues. There were limited perceptions of students about health and risk factors for NCDs, especially in the themes related to diabetes mellitus and lung cancer, even though the theme is foreseen in the schools' PPP, and that the school environment presents favorable elements to practices healthy, such as the elaboration of a menu suggested by nutritionists, existence of courts for the accomplishment of the physical activities and participation in actions of the Health at School Program. Regarding anthropometric assessment, about 23.4% of students are at risk for the development of overweight and obesity. There is a consensus that there is a need to improve teachers' knowledge through proposals for continuing education with the researched themes. For this, deepening studies are envisaged to continue this research, in order to propose training to teachers with actions aimed at overcoming them. Difficulties pointed out in the present study.