Degeneração mixomatosa valvar em cães

Abstract

The myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most incident cardiovascular disease in small-breed dogs, the dogs with MMVD are known for having variable clinical signs and prognosis. The epidemiologic characteristics for MMVD are well known, however the information regarding the expected survival and prognosis are still difficult to provide. From this view, this study objective was to determine the prevalence of MMVD in a specific population of dogs, as also to demonstrate these dogs mean survival and complementary exams variable’s that have trustable capacity for indicate prognosis. From the 105 dogs included in the study 62 were females (59%) and 43 were males (41%), the mean age was 11.6 ± 2.5 years and the mean weight 6.9 ± 4.7 kg. The most prevalent breed were the Poodles (30.4%), the mixed breed (19%), and the miniature Pinschers (12.3%). The dogs were divided according the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2019 staging, in three groups (B1, B2 and C/D). The prevalence of the disease was of 30.3% in small breed dogs with ages from 10 to 19 years. The survival analysis consisted in the curves obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method being the survival time of B1 group (median 1854 ± 145 days) higher than the B2 and C/D groups (median 1508 ± 209 and 930 ± 209 days, respectively). The C/D group demonstrated the higher number of obits (n=20) when compared with the other groups. The risk factors were determined by the Cox regression analysis, the variables that presented the higher significance (p value <0,001) included the presence of syncope and pulmonary crackling, the ACVIM staging, the vertebral heart scale, the left atrium to aortic root ratio and the duration of QRS complex. For these variables, the risk factor was approximately two times. The present study was capable to demonstrate trustable and easy evaluations that can estimate prognosis and risk, as also to estimate a mean survival time for dogs with MMVD according the disease progression and classification on the ACVIM staging scheme.