Modelagem e controle de um sistema de conversão de energia eólica com gerador síncrono de ímã permanente

Abstract

This term paper adresses the analysis and control of permanent magnet synchronous generators directly coupled to wind turbines' rotors for wind energy conversion. Thus, a control methodology is proposed aiming to extract the maximum power possible through the control of the generator's currents and speed by the rectifier. A complete model is then implemented in the Matlab / Simulink software to simulate the wind turbine in order to obtain the mechanical power and the mechanical torque printed on the rotor shaft. The synchronous generator dq model is also simulated, demonstrating the control that the rectifier has over the generator currents, and obtaining its electric power and electrical torque. The maximum power tracking method that provides a current reference value for the generator to operate at the optimum point is also simulated, as well as the generator current controllers, which simulate rectifier control over 𝑖𝑑 and 𝑖𝑞 and the turbine coupling with the grid, which uses two two-level power converters that operate one as a rectifier and other as an inverter, in order to control the voltage on the capacitor, whose value must be higher than the voltage on the grid to avoid an opposite power ow. Finally the imposition of the voltage value realized by the grid on the inverter is also simulated. To deepen the proposed model, we use a two-component wind velocity, one simulating the long-term wind behavior and the other the turbulence and randomness present in the short-term behavior. Finally, the simulation results are presented, demonstrating the good performance of the proposed wind system, and the control and tracking system that ensures maximum power throughout the process.