Sistema de comunicação para dispositivos IoT das redes elétricas inteligentes baseado em uma rede óptica TWDM-PON

Abstract

Smart grids automated the operations required for energy distribution between generation points and final consumers. To accoplish this, then must have an appropriate, secure, reliable, adequate data, low-noise, long-range and financially viable communication system, given the extension of the smart grids and, consequently, the number of devices of this kind of networks. The 5G is a new wireless communication standard, which performance is higher than current standards not only in terms of data rate but also in reliability and safety. This high performance enables the popularization of the most varied IoT applications (IoT - Internet of Things), connected to the data network and capable of communicating without human interference. This is also the trend of smart grids, whose devices will be progressively converted to the IoT standard. The smart meters will be connected to the 5G network through an appropriate interface. However, the wireless 5G communication standard probably will not be enough to support the aggregate traffic of multiple smart meters, countless IoT devices (many of them still unimaginable), and numerous users of wireless data networks, due the standard digital multiplexing pattern employed by the interface used in Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI). Therefore, it is necessary to propose communication topologies capable of supporting this fast growing data traffic. Among the available technologies, the one that has been shown to have the greatest potential to meet this demand is optical fiber, characterized by being a broadband pass-through waveguide, as well as being a mean of dielectric propagation (immune to electromagnetic interference) and low losses (capable of transmitting the optical signal over long distances). Based on these assumptions, this work proposes a communication topology based on the new pattern of passive optical networks access (PON) called Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON (TWDM-PON). It employs time and wavelength multiplexing combined to analog carrier multiplexing of RF subcarriers, such as radio-over-fiber (ROF) systems, to save bandwidth for multiplexing data from multiple wireless users, whatever they are 3G, 4G or 5G clients. As a result, the proposed topology is capable of supporting the aggregate data traffic of IoT devices composing smart grids, especially smart meters, without prejudice to the data communication quality of other users of the wireless network as well as the PON network.