Produção e caracterização da cerâmica vermelha com a adição de resíduo oriundo da indústria cervejeira

Abstract

Brazil is the largest consumer of beer in the world and, in recent years, a creation of handcrafted beers exponentially expanded, with Rio Grande do Sul being the most important with the largest number of breweries. No brewing process, a significant amount of garbage is generate such as, for example, malt bagasse. On the other hand, the use of nonrenewable natural resources, as a task, can end, as function of environmental and control policies. For this reason, a mixture of solids may have been a viable alternative to improve the technological properties of ceramics. Thus, the work of this course of the prophet hood has been to that in the text in the earth in the text in the quantum in the nature (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%), for the manufacturer of ceramics for extrusion. The seed was collected in a mining industry and the residue was proven in a microbrewery and provided the most role filtration process step. Clay to the seasoning process, it was dismantled and ground. Already the residue was dried, in the greenhouse, ground and quartet. The following formulations were made: A0, BM5, BM10 and BM20, with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% volume deposition of the residue to the clay mass. Both raw materials were submitted to the chemical characterization of the X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX) and physical, through the Atterberg Limits, by the apparent intensity and granulometric analyses. The conformation of the plants was carried out by vacuum extrusion and the feed was made naturally and artificially. Humidity, linear drying and firing resistance and dry strength were evaluated. The sintering of the ceramic products was carried out at temperatures of 900 and 1000 ºC, with a heating rate of 1000 ºC/hour and the sintering stage of the three hours when the required temperature was reached. Mechanical resistance performed the products characterization tests by bending rupture stress, water absorption, apparent porosity and apparent specific mass. A pathology test was performed, efflorescence. Finally, a statistical analysis of the mechanical resistance and water absorption from the Dunnett Test was performed and the same analysis were evaluates in a statistical treatment by Group Analysis. For the mechanical strength, the average values obtained for the burning temperature of 900 ºC varied from 12.539±3.71 MPa to 24.21±6.41 MPa. For the firing as 1000 ºC, they ranged from 16.15±2.65 MPa to 29.89±5.16 MPa. For the water absorption, the average values obtained for the temperature of 900 ºC varied from 14.69±0.41% to 23.66±2.84%. At 1000 ºC, they ranged from 12.3±2.07% to 19.41±1.43%. Both the mechanical strength and the water absorption obtained better values at the burning temperature at 1000 ºC, even the presence of the efflorescence at the burning temperature was lower. Thus, all the formulation at both firing temperatures fall within the RM, AA, Pa and MEA values of the required standards, indicating that malt bagasse added in clay for ceramic materials is a viable alternative. The group analysis showed that there is a good similarity between the formulations, indicating the possibility of using this residue to make red ceramic.