Avaliação do sistema de tratamento de água em uma unidade clínica de hemodiálise

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CKD) is a disease characterized by loss of kidney function in performing its functions of eliminating through the urine the toxic substances, excess water and minerals of the body. Therefore, peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and renal transplantation are among the treatments available to maintain patient survival, which are differentiated by the patient's health conditions. Hemodialysis is one of the most commonly used treatments for patients with CRF and is a treatment that replaces the functions of the kidneys by passing the patient's blood through semipermeable membranes that filter the undesirable products present in the blood. For this procedure, vascular access is required for the blood to be drawn from the patient's body to the dialysis machine and into the body, over a period of approximately 4 hours, for 3 days a week. For a hemodialysis session, a large amount of water with a specific standard is required by law, otherwise the health of the patients may be put at risk. The specific water quality standard is achieved through its treatment. The system treats drinking water. In most of the clinical hemodialysis units, the treatment of drinking water is performed through reverse osmosis. The reverse osmosis water treatment system consists mostly of sand filters, carbon filters, softeners as well as filter membranes, as well as storage tanks for treated water. This work was carried out through a case study in a clinical unit of hemodialysis located in Rio Grande do Sul. Through a bibliographical survey, it was possible to identify the function of each equipment in the water treatment process, as well as identify, before the current legislation, the standards required for water used in the hemodialysis clinic. Analyzes of the water treated in the clinic were carried out at specific points in the treatment system, as required by the regulatory legislation. The analyzes were carried out in UNIPAMPA and in the laboratory accredited in the Brazilian Network of Analytical Laboratories in Health. The analyzes carried out in May were in agreement with the current legislation and, therefore, the water of the clinic had the required quality for use.