Promoção da saúde no ambiente escolar: produção científica e análise do contexto

Abstract

Even with the expansion of the concept of health promotion, characterizing a possibility of absolute change in the current way of understanding and practicing health, in the school context, this is often still treated from the perspective of the biological paradigm, that is, with a focus on the absence of diseases, demonstrating an extremely simplistic and fragmented view, being thus not very effective in the students' lives. In this sense the objective of this dissertation was to analyze the promotion of health in the school environment through scientific productions and analysis of a context. The present study was developed in a municipal school in a city on the western border of RS and is characterized as cross-sectional bibliographical and epidemiological research with descriptive exploratory objectives. The present study was developed in a municipal school in a city on the western border of RS and is characterized as cross-sectional bibliographical and epidemiological research with descriptive exploratory objectives. The methodological course, lasting one year and three months, was constructed during the course of the study and the results were presented in the form of two manuscripts. The first manuscript analyzed the actions on health promotion developed in the school environment from a systematic research. The results of this moment of study showed that actions on the theme of health promotion in the school environment occurred and are increasing in the last decade between 2008 and 2018, most of which have been published in journals in the areas of health, education and teaching. It was also evidenced the occurrence of diversified actions on health promotion in the school environment, so that they are occurring through two distinct biases: one aiming to improve or modify the reality of health promotion actions in the school context and, therefore, carrying out interventions in the environment, believing that this is the best way to contribute to this theme being worked in a comprehensive, deep and with its due value, on its different and diverse aspects, not only with emphasis on the biomedical aspects; in turn, the other bias, has the purpose of making a diagnosis of the reality of how the subject is being worked in the school, investigating what actions are being carried out. The second manuscript was characterized by the analysis of knowledge and behaviors related to the health of 180 elementary school students. It was found that the majority of students associate healthy life to healthy eating and physical activity, they include healthy eating as the intake of nutrients that bring health benefits, being exposed to health risk factors such as physical inactivity, low consumption of foods considered markers of healthy eating and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Finally, we conclude that the research was valuable in understanding the students' knowledge and the risk factors they are exposed to, identifying in scientific productions what actions on health promotion are having more effect and being more significant in schools.