A política pública de saúde da família nas comunidades ribeirinhas em Itaqui/RS: uma análise do processo de implementação

Abstract

Within the perspective of a change in the health system in the country, the Family Health Program (FHP) was implemented in 1994, later called the Family Health Strategy (FHS), a health policy already consolidated and considered a priority within primary health care. Its main objective was to change the way health care is performed, changing the focus that until then was centered exclusively on the medical care model. The FHS became nationally known and characterized as a model of reorganization of the care model in Brazil. The riverside communities have great geographical, political, social, economic and cultural importance in the territorial context. Understanding the dynamics of these scenarios involving these communities is also part of the FHS routine, considering the geographical and epidemiological changes imposed by nature. Knowledge of their particularities, such as their beliefs, cultures and health habits, as well as investing in preventive actions and health promotion, appear as important alternatives for the valorization of these communities. In proposing the present research, starting from its problematic, it was sought to understand how the Family Health Strategy policy has been interacting and contemplating the riverside community in the municipality of Itaqui. Considering the guiding principles of the SUS and especially the PNAB, the objective was to identify the positive and negative aspects of the implantation of the Family Health Strategy policy in the Itaqui / RS riverside area. This is a qualitative exploratory and descriptive research. This study was carried out in the riverside region of Itaqui, an area covered by the ESF, with a health unit and team implanted. The informants met the requirement to reside in the riverside region of Itaqui. Data were obtained through self-report, through a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was carried out based on the descriptive interpretation of the information collected, in the search for a better understanding of the information, associating them, whenever possible, with the theoretical reference related to the theme. The results of this research showed that the ESF, since its implantation along the riverside area of Itaqui has brought many positive contributions to the community. The improvement in access to health services and the reorganization of primary care are highlighted. Another important positive aspect brought by FHS refers to the differentiated way of performing health care, through the transformations indicated by the policy. The more humane service and the improvement in the execution of the proposed practices that seek the satisfaction of the user contribute significantly to the improvement in the assistance given to the riverside. However, it still needs to advance in the municipality, highlighting the need to expand health promotion and disease prevention actions, expansion in the formation of intersectoral partnerships, valuation of team professionals and structural investments. The strengthening of FHS and policies for traditional communities depends mainly on a greater appreciation of both health policy and these communities. This recognition will enable the incorporation of these themes in the municipal management agenda and will certainly bring important advances in these policies and in the health indicators of the population.