Uso da técnica de espectrometria de fluorescência de raios – x por energia dispersiva na investigação de concentrações de elementos no solo e suas relações em Lavras do Sul/RS

Abstract

The relationship between geology and health is evident, medical geology is a field that encompasses the relationship between natural geological factors and human and animal health, including understanding the influence of environmental factors on the geographical distribution of health problems. Rocks are the source of most of the chemical elements found on land, including metallic elements, which are distributed in most natural environments and their distribution in soils is widespread. The knowledge of the chemical composition of the soil will provide subsidies for the prediction of phytotoxicity and possible contamination of the water table. Concentrations of these metals, in the right amounts, are essential for the maintenance of life. Otherwise, if present in low amounts (deficiency) or in high amounts (toxicity), they can cause damage to plants, animals and humans. This work consists of chemical analysis of soil samples in the city of Lavras do Sul, RS, where mineral deposits occur, which until the year 1981 occurred mining activities in the municipality. where the waste and wastes were deposited in inappropriate places, generating environmental liabilities, contributing to soil chemical alteration and consequently affecting the health of the population. Using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF) method, 20 soil samples were analyzed in two profiles surrounding the municipality. In these it is possible to observe concentrations high of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd among others. These are possibly associated with mineralization and anthropogenic activities. Comparison of the data between the EDXRF and ICP-AES methods proved to be effective. However, the EDXRF method was efficient in the quantification of the elements, suggesting its use semi-quantitatively.