Diagnóstico de propriedades leiteiras da agricultura familiar da reforma agrária de Sant'ana do Livramento/RS: boas práticas de ordenha e identificação de microrganismos causadores de mastite

Abstract

The present research consists in a study accomplished in two Familial Agricultural Farms of the Agrarian Reform named A and B, placed in the Paloma's district in the city of Sant' Ana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul. This research was developed in June 2014, where it was accomplished a technique visit followed by a questionary application and a verification list of Complience and Non-Complience (Check List). The farms were visited in the first milking of the day, where it was accomplshed a black cup botton test to diagnose clinical mastitis, and then the California Mastitis Test, evidencing the presence of subclinical mastitis. To the animals that showed the presence of mastitis and higher scores than two crosses, it was collected 30 ml of milk from each infected udder to the microbiological analysis, with the purpose to identify microorganisms that cause the mastitis. As there are many kinds of pathogen that can cause the mastitis, all the samples that were submitted to the lab exams were asepyically collected and in sterile bottles to obtain a secure and correct diagnosis. The sambles were transported in polystyrene expanded recycled in a Diagnosis of Bacterial and Fungal Diseases Laboratory Animals from the Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana College, not more than 24 hours from the collect to the microbiological analysis. The obtained resuts showed that related to the milking hygiene, the farms attended the most part of the requirements, like the frequency of sanitation, products used in the equipments cleaning, used products proceeding the manufacturers, but related to the equipments and utensils packaging the farms didn't attend the expected result. In the microbiological analysis, 86,6% of the samples showed the Staphylococcus spp. presence. In the milking accompaniment comparing the the microbiological results, the Staphilococcus spp. presence and the Streptococcus spp. showed to be results of the milking, where the animals didn't receive correct asepsis befrore the individual milking, what can be observes in the letf anterior udder (L A) of the 2,4,6,10 animals. The farm A has two paris of milking, and the animals are milking in couples. The even numbers were milked in the same group, so, there is a possibility of relation between the udder desinfection and the milking with the presence of mastitis in the same udder. Related to the Streptococcus spp. it was obteined the presence in 6,6% of the samples, and this microorganism can have contagious and ambiental characteristics. Because of the fault of assitency and information available to the farmers, not always the necessary attitudes are taken to the mastitis evidence, what causes serious damages in the milk production. The techniques adoptes by the farmers to accomplish the milking showed to be the mainly effects to happen the mastitis in the studied cows, the isolated microorganisms have a relation with the contagious mastitis instead of environmental, so it is close related the milking and the mastitis presence.