Análise de parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e de estresse oxidativo em ratos wistar tratados com nanocápsulas contendo quinina

Abstract

Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, which P. falciparum is responsible for the most deaths. The clinical picture this parasitosis include fever, chills, headache, vomit, diarrhea, anaemia, coma and death. The oldest antimalarial is quinine, an alkaloid obtained bark species Cinchona. Due to their toxicity and the appearance of new drugs, its use was limited, but again had greater importance because to Plasmodium resistance to other drugs. An alternative to minimize toxicity is the development of a pharmaceutical form capable of less toxic drug, as nanoencapsulated systems. This present work had objective to verify hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in rats Wistar treated with nanocapsules containing quinine. The animals were divided into four groups which received the following treatments: control (solution saline - 0.9% NaCl); free quinine (75mg/kg/day); blank nanocapsules; quinine-loaded nanocapsules (75 mg/kg/day). The formulations were administered three times a day intraperitoneally during seven consecutive days. On the eighth day the rats were euthanized and venous blood was collected for followed analysis. Treatment with quinine-loaded nanocapsules was able to maintain the blood levels with normal limits. The markers of cardiac, hepatic and renal function showed blood levels significantly decreased in the group treated with quinine-loaded nanocapsules compared to the group treated with free quinine. The antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher activity in the group treated with quinine-loaded nanocapsules compared to free quinine group, as well as the level of reduced glutathione. Quinine was able to induce lipid, protein and genetic damage, and its nanoencapsulation attenuate the damage. Then, these results demonstrate that nanoencapsulation can be effective in reducing the adverse effects caused by quinine, making this a safer medicament for treatment malaria.