Desinfestação e estabelecimentos in vitro de variedades vitis vinifera: 'tannat', 'chardonnay' e 'pinot noir'

Abstract

This work is configured as a quantitative approach applied research, which has aimed to test methodology for contamination control and explants oxidation aiming in vitro establishment of Vitis vinifera varieties: 'Tannat', 'Chardonnay and Pinot Noir'. Due to the increased production of grapes seedlings in Brazil and with the technological advances in plant propagation sector, much research has been initiated in order to optimize and establish standard methods for the the spread of vine seedlings. In experiment I, were both tested concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (1% and 2%) and four immersion times (15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes) for the establishment in vitro explant grape variety Tannat. When checking the high oxidation rate, began the second trial, which were repeated the sodium hypochlorite concentrations and immersion times, changing to Chardonnay variety. In experiment III were tested using running water (30 minutes) and ascorbic acid (500 mg / L - 30 minutes) to the varieties' Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, aiming to optimize the process of disinfection and reduce contamination and oxidation of propagado.O result for experiments I material showed efficacy of 70% in T2 and T5 for bacterial contamination, 96.7% and 76.7% efficiency for fungal contamination and oxidation T8 respectively. The second experiment showed no effective treatment for bacterial contamination, where T4, T6, T7 and T8 showed 100% efficiency for fungal contamination and 100% in the oxidation control to T2. The result of experiemnto III presented 90% and 95% efficiency in the control of bacterial and fungal contamination in T3 respectively. With 100% control of rust on T1, T2, T4, obtained confirmation for the use of ascorbic acid in reducing the explants oxidation process. Bacterial contamination were identified in the three experiments, mostly caused by endogenous bacteria, which complicates the use of agents that can optimize the treatments, but does not stop to look for new agents that minimize contamination. The results for fungal contamination found may be justified, because the material used as a source of explants be woody and collected directly in the field and not from a mother plant previously treated and maintained in greenhouse. It was concluded that the use of water and ascorbic acid reduces the vine explants oxidation Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, enabling higher percentage of survival in the establishment stage in vitro