Análise de parâmetros físico-químicos e ambientais na caracterização das águas superficiais e subterrâneas na região das Minas do Camaquã, Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

The study of surface waters and groundwater is of extreme importance, given the relevance of these for the preservation and conservation of aquifers. These often are being used on a large scale in the most varied areas of industry, as an important means of livelihood of the population. Brazil has one of the largest reserves of subterranean water in the world, and approximately 55% of these are used in public supply and sanitation. Despite that issues related to quality, drinking water and contamination, prevent all these resources are fully utilized. The overall objective of this work was to perform the environmental diagnosis through the vulnerability of aquifers, as well as the evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of surface waters and groundwater in the region of the minas do Camaquã. For determination of the vulnerability, initially they were certain parameters, such as: (i) the depth of the aquifer; (ii) type of occurrence of the aquifer and (iii) geological features. Thus establishing the degree of natural vulnerability of the aquifer by the method GOD, resulting georeferenced thematic maps with the use of digital image processing. The maps generated throughout the study showed average indices of the extreme degree of vulnerability near the area of mineral research of Votorantim Metais. In relation to the physico - chemical parameters were evaluated the pH, Eh, the temperature of the air and water, total dissolved solids, and the electrical conductivity. In the analysis of the parameters, the values obtained were compared with the limits established by the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 and by decree of the Ministry of Health no 2.9140/2011 for freshwaters special class. The proposed methodology, provided consistent data for environmental monitoring to a region historically impacted by mining without environmental regulations The integration of physical, chemical and environmental will assist directly in the determination of viability for mineral prospecting activities on site (Votorantim Metais). Moreover, the results generated will contribute in hydrological scientific knowledge associated with the deployment of a mining venture. Provide data on optimization and preservation of resources, serving as a kilometric allowance mainly for future environmental studies and mining.