Alterações metabólicas induzidas por uma dieta rica em gordura em Drosophila melanogaster e os efeitos da hesperidina

Abstract

Deleterious effects of diets such as high fat diets (DRG) are increasingly being studied as it raises triglyceride levels (TGC), causing fat accumulation, decreasing stress tolerance, and , Consequently, favoring the development of diseases and complications that lead to the decrease of the life expectancy and / or early death of the individuals. Hesperidin (Hesp), a citrus flavonoid, has already been shown to have antioxidant properties as a potential protective agent against obesity-related damage. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the behavioral, biochemical and genetic alterations induced by a DRG in adults and descendants of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as well as the therapeutic effects of Hesp in face of these alterations. This study evaluated oxidative damage, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and mRNA expression of enzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids such as acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACeCS 1) and acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL 1) and modulation of the stress signaling pathway. As a result, our study demonstrated for the first time that adult progenitor flies fed seven days with DRG have reduced locomotor performance, increased ACeCS 1 and ACSL 1, increased production of reactive species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, increased Expression of heat shock protein 83 (HSP83) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 (MPK2), shortening the lifespan of these flies. In addition, DRG when added during the entire embryo development period causes in the downward flies an increase in TGC and glucose levels, together with an increase in the level of DILP6 mRNA expression, a decrease in the ACeCS1 enzyme present in acid metabolism Fatty acids, SOD and CAT at mRNA expression levels and decreased CAT activity. The results observed from the co-treatment with Hesp and DRG, this compound showed to be effective in reducing some parameters of metabolic alterations, improved TGC levels, glucose, oxidative stress parameters, maintained cellular and mitochondrial viability, Improved the locomotor performance and activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), increasing the life expectancy of the progenitor flies. For descending flies, Hesp improved TGC levels, decreased glucose levels protecting against a possible development of pre-diabetic symptoms, improving egg hatching rate and life expectancy. Therefore, through this study we have revealed an efficient protective role of flavonoid Hesp in the treatment of progenitor or descendant flies that received DRG demonstrating that this compound is able to attenuate metabolic alterations, oxidative stress and protein signaling caused by obesity.