Caracterização química, atividades antioxidante, antileucêmica e antimicrobiana da própolis âmbar sul brasileira

Abstract

Propolis is a compound used by bees to seal the hive and prevent contamination that stands out because of its biological activities which have been studied for therapeutic purposes. When produced by Apis mellifera bees specie the substance is composed by about 50% vegetable resin mixed with enzymes present in its saliva and wax. This natural product may vary depending on the botanical/geographical origin and more than 300 compounds have already been described. In Brazil there is a great variability of chemical composition that is easily explained by the Brazilian biodiversity. The goal of this work was to analyze the chemical profile and antioxidant, antileukemic and antimicrobial activities of São Gabriel/Rio Grande do Sul propolis, which we call Amber propolis, and to compare its properties with the Brazilian propolis Red and Green. The chemical analyzes were performed by total flavonoids and total phenols quantification, GC-MS and HPLC. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH°, ABTS°+ and FRAP techniques. The antileukemic activity was analyzed in the K562, Jurkat and U937 cell lines taken into account IC50, viability, apoptosis and cell cycle parameters. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by E. coli and S. aureus growth. The results obtained from the GC-MS of Amber propolis, collected in two years, identified a total of 99 compounds among, from these only 16 were identified for the Green and Red propolis. It was also possible verify that most of the compounds found are described for the genus Eucalyptus which seems to be an important source of compounds for the Amber propolis production. Values for total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity, were different among the propolis, being the values obtained for the Amber propolis always smaller than those found for the Green and Red propolis. However, regarding the antileukemic activity, the propolis Amber presented similar results to the Red propolis for IC50 analyzes and viability. In the analysis of the antimicrobial effect, all the propolis presented similar effects above 500 μg/mL and also presenting some levels of activity at 100 μg / mL in E. coli. Typification, identification of the geographical/botanical origin and quantity of studies on its biological activities add value to propolis. We hope with this work to expand the technical-scientific knowledge of propolis Amber contributing to regional development and expanding knowledge about propolis.