O Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI) brasileiro e sua influência nos processos de inovação no domínio das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC)

Abstract

In the last decades of the twentieth century, attention is focused on the new techno-economic paradigm, based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the processes of generation, diffusion and the use of knowledge have come to be seen as essential factors for the development of Innovations. The Brazilian National Innovation System (SNI) is characterized by being immature or not consolidated in the literature, especially in the last decades of the twentieth century. This work aims to investigate the constitution of Brazilian SNI from the construction of S & T policies, starting from the period 1950 to 2015, in order to identify points that may explain its classification as immature and unconsolidated, as well as to describe the structure and Through a bibliographical and documentary review. This paper also seeks to identify and analyze performance indicators of the current NIS to stimulate innovation within the techno-economic paradigm of ICT, and to compare it objectively with those of countries characterized by a mature and consolidated NIS, such as the USA , Japan, Germany, among others. With this, it sought to verify the performance of the Brazilian SNI and to elucidate points that could classify the Brazilian SNI as immature or unconsolidated, for which secondary data were taken, mainly from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), World Bank, World Economic Forum, among others. These data are related to Empowered Human Capital; Infrastructure and Connectivity; Promotion and Digital Education; Business Environment and Entrepreneurship; Financing for companies; Public Investments in R & D; Distributive allocation of researchers by institutional sector; And the number of applications for patent registration. It was concluded that the Brazilian SNI has a late character in its emergence and has contributed little to create a prosperous environment capable of stimulating the development of innovations within the new techno-economic paradigm. It also identifies its inefficiency in providing interactive learning between the different economic agents, in which it is essential in times of rapid changes and this directly entails the development of innovation in front of the techno-economic ICT paradigm.