Blocos sobre estacas: uma análise dos métodos de cálculo por bielas e tirantes no contexto brasileiro

Abstract

Foundation blocks are essential elements for the stability of structures with deep foundations, transmitting the loads from the superstructures to the piles. Despite their importance, the design of these blocks in Brazil presents challenges due to the complexity of the methods available and the lack of uniformity in normative criteria. In this work, a comparative analysis of different calculation methods was carried out using the tie-rod model, which stands out for realistically representing the transfer of stresses in discontinuous regions, as recommended by NBR 6118. Classic and modern methods, such as those of Blévot and Frémy (1967), Oliveira (2009), Santos (2013 and 2023) and Fusco (1994), were reviewed and compared using the CalcBlocos software, a tool developed to analyze and design pile caps. The research included validation of the software with examples taken from the literature and graphical and three-dimensional analysis of the necessary stresses and reinforcements. The results showed significant differences between the methods, highlighting the limitations of traditional methods in meeting current regulatory requirements and highlighting the advances of more recent approaches. In addition, the use of CalcBlocos proved to be essential in overcoming the limitations of manual calculations, providing more possibilities for analysis and clarity of understanding when designing foundation blocks, providing a basis for choosing the most appropriate method in engineering projects. Keywords: Foundation blocks; Pile blocks; Struts and Ties; CalcBlocos.