Avaliação de impactos ambientais causados pela atividade de garimpo de minério de ouro e cassiterita e os aspectos relacionados para legalização de empreendimento sob o regime de permissão de lavra garimpeira no município de Tucumã – PA

Abstract

Environmental impacts can be identified when economic activity involves the use of natural resources. These exist from the planning phase, having increased in implementation and maximized in operation. For mining operations, these involve premises that range from understanding the physical, biotic and socioeconomic environments and their respective assessments. Brazil, in recent years, has seen a constant increase in clandestine activity, sometimes characterized as mining, advancing in several of its biomes, especially in the Amazon region, generating impacts, which, unlike legalized mining, cause damage, sometimes irreparable. In this way, it is up to the scientific community to differentiate environmental damage as well as characterize what mining mining entails. It is notable to mention that this mining regime, in its technical and legal conception, represents, for a significant portion of miners and/or garimpeiros, a tool to support artisanal mining, as it has a lower level of bureaucracy compared to other existing mechanisms. In the context of its understanding, there is a need to respect mining and environmental standards, especially in the preparation of projects that will be submitted to the National Mining Agency and the competent environmental bodies, so that they are able to map the main points of the future enterprise, so that mitigation, recovery and preservation practices, in addition to guaranteeing safety for the worker involved, are carried out coherently, in addition to incisive supervision in order to curb predatory and/or irregular practices. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the various nuances of PLG in its technical, operational and environmental context, using a methodology based on the description of the most distinct aspects, whether through on-site observations, use of software, in addition to the construction of a specific method to validate the size of a given impact.