Projeto e simulação de um carregador de baterias de lítio

Abstract

The battery charger is an essential device nowadays, as the charging of a battery is entirely dependent on this device. An improperly sized charger can harm the battery, affecting its lifespan. Therefore, it is necessary for the device to be compatible with the charging method. This demonstrates that a reliable charger is of utmost importance for the longevity of the battery. However, even an efficient charger can be exposed to abnormal situations. Batteries are devices found everywhere today, such as in cell phones, cars, and laptops, where all these devices depend on a battery for their operation. Lead-acid and lithium batteries are the main types of batteries on the market, being applied in various areas. The chosen topology is based on the Buck DC-DC converter, where this type of application becomes interesting due to its characteristics of reducing the input voltage while continuously increasing its current, making it an interesting point for a low-power charger. Additionally, the presented topology has a reduced volume and weight and low cost due to not having many components in its structure. The design of the devices, as well as the current and voltage control loops, are presented in detail in this work. Experimentally, a lead-acid and lithium battery were used, and each of the charging stages was analyzed.