Análise bibliométrica e projeto de um sistema de geração de hidrogênio verde

Abstract

The climate change, aggravated by the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, motivate research related to the decarbonization of all sectors of the economy. In the electricity sector, the technologies developed as central to the transition to an economy with less carbon are based on the expansion of electricity generation from renewable sources. In this context, green hydrogen (GH2), so called when produced from renewable sources such as wind, hydroelectric and electrical photovoltaics, emerges as a promising alternative. There are still challenges to be overcome, mainly those related to the cost of production, which are still higher when obtaining fossil sources. However, due to the expansion of brazilian photovoltaic and wind generation systems, a trend towards the use of competitive GH2 is expected. Based on these aspects, this work aims to: i) carry out a bibliometric review of the literature, searching for works that are being published in Brazil and in the world that relate the production of GH2 with photovoltaic energy, analyzing the documents found in the Scopus database and ii) develop a pilot project for the production of GH2 using surplus generated in photovoltaic installations at the Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Bagé, as an energy source. In the Scopus database, 4714 documents were found containing the terms “hydrogen” and “photovoltaic” published from 2002 to 2022, 57 of which were published by Brazilian institutions. There was an increase in the number of publications in the analyzed period. Considering the surplus of 5kWp, by the standard design here, it is estimated a generation of 43.2 L/day of GH2 which can be used can help to face several innovative energy challenges, offering ways to decarbonize a range of sectors – including long distance transport, chemicals and iron and steel – where it is proving difficult to significantly reduce emissions. It can also help improve air quality and strengthen energy security.