Extração do óleo essencial da manjerona para testes do controle de fungos em grãos de milho 1ª etapa: eficiência da extração do óleo essencial

Abstract

The corn crop is of utmost importance in the national context, and also on the world stage, which is primarily intended as food retail pork and poultry. To optimize the production process, it is used the storage system in order to extend the life of your grain, keeping as an essential characteristic quality. One of the main degrading agents of corn kernels are fungi, which thrive under ideal conditions of temperature and humidity. There are currently searching the market for natural products from plant sources, performing the antifungal working satisfactorily. In the line of plant biotechnology, there is the study of various sources of natural antifungals such as marjoram. This study has the objective to essential oil extraction, for fungi control tests in maize, the main objective analysis of essential oil extraction efficiency marjoram. To carry out this study we used the method of extraction of essential oil by distillation to drag the indirect steam. This system comprises: a flat bottom flask, distillation, 100 ml of distilled water plus glass beads, which was on the influence of a heat source, more specifically a heater plate; distillation flask with side outlet, with about 5 g of plant material, already prepared (only leaf petioles without sting), together with 25 ml distilled water; one Graham condenser; a collection bottle at the condenser outlet; and some connections therebetween. With the data collected was reached figures for mass needed to extract a certain volume, these ranging between 0.4892 and 2.5418 g.ml-³, and also the relationship between the volume extracted and the time required to the same, they varied between 0.0105 and 0.0368 ml.min-1. Thus, it can be concluded that the extraction method by drag steam, is not as simple as it may seem; and that the connections in glassmaking and weather conditions (temperature) are extremely important for the operation of extraction system, in order to avoid the condensation of water vapor, in the way; also that to draw a minimum amount of oil is required a large volume of raw material, and along with this there is the presence of the aqueous solution of compound hidrolact, which also has antifungal properties; and finally that this work was of utmost importance for academic and professional development is essential to implement the next stages of the project.