Etileno-Bis-Ditiocarbamato Mancozebe Altera Parâmetros Comportamentais, Bioquímicos e gênicos em Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

The ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate Mancozeb was developed aiming an antifungal action but acaroid effects was additionally. Thus, EBDC could be active not only for fungi but also for non-target organisms drawing attention for special care in the application of this products and correct disposal of waste and packaging. Taking into account the economic and environmental importance of MZ, this work aims to investigate the effects of MZ prolonged exposition in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to different concentrations on antioxidant defenses, genic expression, bioenergetics capacity and behavioral alterations. The results point to a lifespan reduction and locomotor deficits. ROS levels were augmented with a modulation of antioxidant enzymes activity, decreased levels of thiols and augmented levels of MDA. With a base on these data, oxidative stress plays a main role in causing oxidative damage to biomembranes culminating with cell death. Our data suggest an adaptive response to the MZ exposition at lower concentration due to higher levels of mRNA of HSPs and Nfr2 that are cellular protective agents. MZ exposure causes Mn overload in flies. In parallel, a lower mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity and I and II mitochondrial complexes and oxygen consumption inhibition by mitochondria. Energetic substrates like glucoses and trehaloses were reduced and higher levels of triglycerides was observed. The AceCS1 content, an enzyme acting on the biosynthesis of triglycerides was decreased at the lowest tested concentration. In summary, our results shown that similarly to observed in vertebrates models, fruit fly are susceptible to MZ toxicity, disturbing flies metabolism and inducing oxidative damage resulting in flies mortality and behavioral alterations. These data draw attention to the potential toxicity of MZ on non-target organisms and describe possible molecular biochemical targets of MZ for therapeutic interventions following intoxication.