Variabilidade dos atributos do solo com o uso da técnica de agricultura de precisão na cultura da soja

Abstract

In all sectors of global economy, the increase of efficiency is necessary to keep the competitive edge. For the agriculture, could not be different, with the informatics evolution, emergence of geoprocessing technologies, global positioning system and many other technologies, the agriculture adopt a new vision to the rural property, not as homogenous area but as a group of small areas with distinct and specifies characteristics. Therefore, this work purpose was to identify the soil variability and make the recommendation to the acidity and nutrients even as evaluate the productivity in soybean culture according to the soil variability and correction performed, using GPS, georeferenced sampling with five acres sampling grid, laboratory analysis accredited by ROLAS, interpretation and advice based on fertilization and liming guide for the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. The fertility maps were produced by FalkerMap software, where was located the production limiting and its respective levels: soil pH, potential acidity, base saturation and aluminium saturation, magnesium and calcium content, to determine limestone application rates. The fertility characterization relied on the levels of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, boron, copper, zinc, besides, clay analysis, organic matter analysis and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) for the area characterization. The limestone, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium chloride (KCl) inputs were applied at a variable rate by the throwing implement distribution Lancer Magnu 10.000 Plus from brand JAN. The application to variable-rate is satisfactory for rural producers who seek to control their production line, reducing costs and correcting nutritionals deficiencies that were not possible before without the use of technologies. Becoming, the precision agriculture a fundamental tool to determine the soil physical and chemical characteristics, in addition to providing an annual report to the rural producers.