A exposição ao bisfenol a induz à alterações parkinsonianas em Drosophila melanogaster - caracterização de um novo modelo experimental

Abstract

Constant exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) may be attributed to the development of neurodegenerative diseases in young people. In this sense, Parkinson's disease is a degenerative alteration, in which the pathogenesis is not well known and attributed to the oxidative stress caused by environmental toxifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate whether exposure to BPA would be involved in the development of parkinsonian alterations in a Drosophila melanogaster model, and thus to establish a new model for future studies. Adult flies were exposed for seven days at two concentrations of BPA (0.5mM and 1mM) in the diet, in addition to a control group that received the diet without BPA. At the end of the seventh day, behavioral tests of negative geotaxis, open field and equilibrium test were performed. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, dopamine levels and mortality were also analyzed. It was observed that BPA induced oxidative stress at the cerebral level characterized by increased levels of malondialdehyde and reactive species, and reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase. There was also a decrease in mitochondrial and cellular metabolic activity, reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity and reduction of dopamine levels. These changes can be associated with decreased locomotor activity observed in negative geotaxis, open field and equilibrium behaviors, as well as increased mortality of flies exposed to BPA. In summary, the BPA induced the Parkinsonian characteristics in Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting a new viable model for future studies.