Formação continuada de professores : proposições para o ensino de ciências da natureza nos anos iniciais

Abstract

Teaching Science in the early years requires multipurpose teachers to have a theoretical and methodological basis that most of the time, are not offered in initial training courses. The literature points to a deficiency in teaching, due to the fact that teachers do not have specific training in the area, making it difficult for these professionals to act. This research aims to propose and evaluate a continuing education course aimed at the Teaching of Natural Sciences for teachers of the early years of Elementary School. For this, an extension course was developed that was structured with the perspective of answering the following questions: What to teach? Why teach? How to teach? and How to evaluate? Data collection included the analysis of (1) profile, (2) challenges to teach Science in the early years, (3) didactic model adopted by teachers before and after the pedagogical intervention and (4) evaluation of the continuing education course. The course had the voluntary participation of twelve multipurpose teachers, who were the subjects of this research. As instruments for data collection, questionnaires were used, in addition to the didactic sequences prepared by the teachers at the beginning and throughout the course. The investigation, in this study, is of a qualitative nature (content analysis and word cloud), as for technical procedures, pedagogical intervention research was used. The results obtained indicate that the activities and discussions covered in the extension course were fundamental for all participants to modify their didactic models in some way in the planning level. Through the evaluation of the course we also verified a positive impact, which consequently will reflect on the teaching practice of the teachers. With this research perspective, it is expected to contribute to improving the quality of teaching practice, aiming at teaching that aims to promote Scientific Literacy in Natural Sciences and, therefore, training for the exercise of citizenship.