Identificação dos parâmetros físico-químicos da água e climáticos mais relevantes na produtividade da criação de camarões (Litopeneaus vannamei) em sistema heterotrófico

Abstract

Aquaculture in the last decades, has been highlighted within the agricultural activities, having as shrimp farming a prominent role and the shrimp being considered one of the main commodities of this branch, with the breed of white shrimp (Litopeneaus vannamei). This growth, however is accompanied by problems of environmental impact caused by the effluents. Accordingly, concerned about the environment, the medium for heterotrophic cultivation becomes an alternative. Several factors influence the shrimp cultivation in bioflocos systems, and to improve the understanding of the relationship of physical-chemical, climatic and production parameters can be used statistical methods of data classification. In that manner that, the study aimed to identify the relationship between the parameters, allowing the identification of those that can cause gains or losses productive. I was used data from two production cycles coming from Camaroeste project, namely physical and chemical parameters of water, zootechnical and climatic data of the region from Uruguaiana. The analysis was divided into three approaches, first one referring to the classification of biomass in SUPERIOR, NORMAL, LOW with the physical-chemical parameters of water, the average weight of shrimp in the corresponding ages. The second approach referred to the classification analysis of the weights of shrimp in the categories MEDIUM, GOOD and BAD, and the physical and chemical parameters of the water and the third approach was related to the classification of the same weight categories, however, with the use of physical and chemical parameters of water and climatic parameters, analyzed by the computer program Weka®. The results indicate that the salinity parameter when at low levels in the water negatively influences along with other parameters in the final production of biomass. Differently from the nitrite and ammonia that in low concentrations contributes to an improvement in the productivity of shrimp raised in heterotrophic systems. Higher pH levels influence the ammonia cycle increasing toxicity in the system, and finally it was observed that high temperatures may be detrimental in initial ages of breed, if the suspended solids levels are within normal levels and may cause a bad utilization of protein bacterial as a source of nutrients. The large number of parameters that influence the production of shrimps in bioflocos systems, noted the need for more studies analyzing the relationship of the parameters with different approaches.