Recobrimento de sementes de soja (Glycinemaxl.) em leito de jorro utilizando suspensão de natureza polimérica contendo extrato da folha de oliveira (Oleaeuropaeal.)

Abstract

The soybean is one the most produced beans worldwide and has a great field of aplications. In order to guarantee a greater productive potential, planting and cultivation is preceded by a seed treatment. This treatment is based on a coating of the seeds, which avoids damage caused by fungi, insects and diseases in the seedlings also helping the germination of plants, promoting more uniform conditions of population for farming and keeping it free of pathogens. For the treatment of soybean seeds, specific machines are used for this purpose. Generally this process is carried out within rural properties. For this operation the an equipment that can be used is the spouted bed, on which the coating performed by the movement of the particles by a current of upward air on which is atomized a suspension, that causes a good adhesion to the particle and a homogeneous coverage. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the coating process of soybean seeds in spouted bed using a polimeric suspension with the incorporation of the olive leaf extract, in order to obtain a final product with high germination potential. For the accomplishment of this work, soybean seeds of the variety DM 5958 RSF IPRO were used in natura and industrially treated. The methodology consisted in characterizing the seeds physically and physiologically through the analysis of pycnometry, test tube, sifting, pachymeter, humidity, morphology and germination, elaborate polymeric formulations for the suspension of coating considering the incorporation of compounds that can contribute to the maintenance of the quality of these seeds, such as plant extracts. In addition, it was carried out the study of the fluid dynamics of the seeds in the spouted bed, the coating process of soybean seeds in the spouted bed and the characterization of the final product obtained. The results obtained for the characterization of the in natura and commercially treated particles regarding to the actual specific mass were 1,207 g/cm³ and 1,216 g/cm³, respectively. For the apparent specific mass, for the in natura seed was obtained 0.681 g/cm³ and 0.671 g/cm³ for the treated seed. The diameters presented values in a range between 6.45 mm and 6.68 mm, being that in the treated seeds the value was higher than in the ones in natura due to the film coating the particle. The coating results resulted in 0.79% of particle growth for seeds coated with no extract and 1.10% for seeds coated with suspension containing the natural extract. Through the morfológical results, seeds were observed uniform, smooth and spherical and the coating film covered the particle. Germination of seeds coated in spouted bed was higher than 94%, which showed that the seed has good quality and that the seeds increased their quality after coating process.