Geoprocessamento como ferramenta para o monitoramento ambiental de unidades de conservação: o caso do Parque Estadual dos Pirineus e da APA dos Pirineus

Abstract

Geoprocessamento como ferramenta para o monitoramento ambiental de unidades de conservação: o caso do Parque Estadual dos Pirineus e da APA dos Pirineus The Conservation Units (UCs) are territories of extreme value for the conservation of ecosystems and, consequently, for the maintenance of the welfare and quality of human life. However, these areas are often subject to various pressures and threats, which put their goals at risk. Therefore, geotechnologies such as geoprocessing and remote sensing, are useful tools to be used in the monitoring of anthropic activities and their environmental impacts in UCs. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze processes of temporal and spatial changes, in the dynamics of land use and cover, of the environmental protection Area of the Pirineus (APA pirineus) and the Pireneus State Park (PEP), using satellite images and integrating environmental characteristics by means of remote sensing techniques and geoprocessing. The methodological procedures consisted of mapping the land use and cover from images of the RapidEye and ResourceSat-2 satellites using the MaxVer supervised classification. From the maps of land use and cover and with the aid of heat foci, fire scars were identified for each study period. Considering that the type of land use and coverage and meteorological conditions have a great influence on the incidence of fires, the integration and correlation of the aforementioned data with the occurrence of fires in the UCs was made. The fire hazard maps according to the characteristics of the relief were obtained by means of information extracted from the Digital Terrain Model/Topodata and the maps of the occurrence of fire scars in the area of APA Pirineus and PEP, according to the slope and orientation were obtained using the LEGAL analysis tool. The results of spatial and temporal analysis of land use and coverage demonstrated the predominance of the savanic/grassland class in all years of study, except for 2017, in the PEP. Based on expansions and reductions in the class area, the differences were mainly due to the decline of the savanic/grassland class in both UCs, possibly because of the increase in the fire scars grade. The fire scars with different areas of coverage were perceptible through the temporal analysis, which evidenced the expansion of these in the UCs over the evaluated period. The analysis of the relationship between meteorological data and land use and cover with the incidence of fires in the UCs showed that the recorded fire scars were related to the weather conditions and the type of land use and cover. The risk mapping represented spatially the levels of risk of fires in the UCs, from which one can identify the priority areas for preventive actions the occurrence of these events. Therefore, it was observed the high efficiency of geotechnologies, both in the monitoring of the dynamics of land use and coverage of UCs, and in the provision of data and