Análise das áreas de preservação permanente da Microbacia Arroio Centro Novo - RS

Abstract

Changes in natural processes of forests involve risks that influence directly in the atmospheric and ground balance, thus causing, environmental degradation, due to agricultural expansion, livestock, or inadequate human occupation. One of the forms of environmental management is through the use of geoprocessing techniques such as remote sensing and geographic information systems, enabling spatial analysis. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the environmental situation of Microbacia Arroio Centro Novo-RS, with the aid of geoprocessing techniques. Initially the demarcation of the area of watershed, considering the topographical charts provided by the army and SRTM image of the area. Later via satellite image RapidEye was held the classification of land cover and use. With the given SRTM generated-if the altitude and slope. From the hydrographic data provided by FEPAM was possible the preparation of a map of distance to drainage network, configuring the permanent preservation areas. Finally the integration between the map of APPs with the map of use and coverage of the Earth, from which it was obtained the map of environmental conflict. The results of the classification of the image showed six classes of use RapidEye, and agricultural uses predominated. The watershed has greater representativeness of class 200-240 meters (32.53%) and slope the higher class representation was of 5 to 12% (46.86%). With the results of environmental conflict was possible to observe that classes of agrobusiness usage prevailed in more than 50% of the area, while the forests have less scope in the APPs. It is concluded that the environmental conflict in the hydrographic watershed exists in large proportion and may be threatening the existence and or the quality of the water resource.