Diversidade genética de duas populações de pitangus sulphuratus (tyrannidae, passeriformes)

Abstract

The Pampa Biome is a ecoregion unique of South America and Brazil occupies only Rio Grande do Sul, representing 18 % of its territory, due to its large farm for agriculture and livestock has been suffering with anthropogenic activities resulting in habitat fragmentation. The Aves Class is one of the most diverse on the planet, approximately 9.600 species and no doubt is the group that suffers most from the changes caused by man, yet studies to measure this effect in the genetic structure of populations are scarce or nonexistent in some families of this class. The Tyrannidae family is the largest in the Aves class, consists of approximately 210 species, with the the most popular known of them “bem-te-vi, Pitangus sulphuratus, for his distinctive singing and their abundance. The aims of the study was to analyze and comparate indices of genetic diversity in two populations of P. sulphuratus from Don Pedrito and and São Gabriel city, both located in the gaucho Pampa. For this purpose belonging to 24specimens from San Gabriel- SG (n = 10) and Dom Pedrito (n= 14) the P. sulphuratus species, that were divided into two populations according to the sampled point. The each specimen was performed the DNA extraction and analysis of genetic diversity and genetic distances, made with data obtained from five microsatellite loci. Were observed all of 75 alleles in the five loci, the number of alleles per locus ranged from Na= 13 for the locus Sap104 to 17 for the Sap96 and NF1112, with average of alleles per locus Na=15. The microsatellite loci evaluated, showed a number of alleles observed (Na) greater than the expected number (Ne) , this result indicates that P. sulphuratus displays high genetic variability, and that these loci are an excellent tool for population studies. The genetic distance analyses indicated a clear overlap between the samples of two alleged populations. This fact suggest that they should treat yourself to a single population in these localities from Pampa biome and that despite the fragmentation of habitats, there are no barriers to gene flow in this species .